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Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode (SAM) Index
or Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) Index
The SAM index (SAMI) or AAO index (AAOI) is defined as the difference in the normalized monthly zonal-mean sea level pressure (SLP) between 40¡ãS and 70¡ãS (Nan and Li, 2003). This SAMI is a modification of the AAO index defined by Gong and Wang (1999), which is the difference in the normalized zonal-mean SLP between 40¡ãS and 65¡ãS. The modified SAMI is used here because the negative correlation in the zonal-mean SLP anomalies between 40¡ãS and 70¡ãS is stronger than that between 40¡ãS and 65¡ãS.
The Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode (SAM) Index
The SAM index. Top. DJF (1947-2010); Middle. JJA (1948-2010); Bottom. Annual (1948-2010)
The yellow lines indicate 7-year Gaussian-type filtered values.
Related
References
Nan, S., and J. Li, 2003: The relationship between summer precipitation in the Yangtze River valley and the previous Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(24), 2266, doi: 10.1029/2003GL018381. Electronic version PDF
Li, J., 2005: Coupled air-sea oscillations and climate variations in China, in: Climate and Environmental Evolution in China (First Volume), Edt. D. Qin, Beijing: China Meteorological Press, 324-333. Electronic version PDF
Gong,
D., and S. Wang, 1999: Definition of Antarctic
Oscillation Index, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 26: 459-462.
Thompson, D. W. J., and J. M. Wallace, 2000: Annular modes in the extratropical circulation. Part I: Month-to-month variability. J. Climate, 13, 1000-1016. Electronic version available through this link
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7 kilobytes |
SAM index (AAO index) |
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You can download this file from here (right-click then select "Save Target As" or "Save Link As"). |
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File format |
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for year = 1948 to 2012 format (i4, 18f7.2) year, 12 * monthly value, DJF, MAM, JJA, SON, annual, and DJFM values |
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Note: (1) Missing values represented by -99.99; (2) The reference period is 1958-2000; (3) DJFM / DJF SAM indices: The DJFM index value for year N refers to an average of December year N and January, February, and March year N+1 indices values (Example: The 1948 index value was based on the average of December 1948 and January, February, and March 1949 indices values). |
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The SAM(AAO) Index from Nan & Li (2003, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30: 2266, doi:10.1029/2003GL018381). The value, -99.99, is undefined.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 DJF MAM JJA SON Ann DJFM
1948 -0.46 -2.32 -1.70 -0.32 2.47 -0.77 -4.20 -4.56 -1.99 -3.08 -2.82 -1.51 -4.43 0.15 -3.18 -2.63 -1.77 -3.96
1949 -4.89 -6.89 -2.54 0.50 2.38 2.64 -1.14 0.17 0.21 -0.95 -1.02 -3.98 -3.52 0.11 0.56 -0.59 -1.29 -3.27
1950 -4.75 -1.84 -2.53 -1.26 0.15 -1.62 -3.03 -1.70 -0.60 -1.15 -2.10 -0.22 -0.12 -1.21 -2.12 -1.28 -1.72 -0.65
1951 0.46 -0.61 -2.23 -3.16 -2.54 -3.23 -1.72 -3.14 -3.30 -3.31 -2.31 -3.72 -2.85 -2.64 -2.70 -2.97 -2.40 -2.60
1952 -3.93 -0.90 -1.84 -1.88 -1.70 -1.19 -0.21 -1.19 -2.59 -1.20 -2.69 -2.88 -2.44 -1.81 -0.86 -2.16 -1.85 -2.19
1953 -2.61 -1.82 -1.46 -3.49 -2.14 -0.61 -2.80 -0.60 -1.19 -2.23 -0.80 -2.42 -0.47 -2.36 -1.34 -1.41 -1.85 -1.45
1954 0.97 0.05 -4.39 -0.80 0.67 -1.63 -1.31 -4.45 1.30 0.28 1.90 -2.11 -0.47 -1.51 -2.46 1.16 -0.79 -0.07
1955 0.37 0.34 1.10 0.55 -1.86 -1.75 2.10 -3.90 -1.25 -3.90 -2.89 -1.51 -1.61 -0.07 -1.18 -2.68 -1.05 -1.39
1956 -1.63 -1.68 -0.75 -0.70 -0.17 2.13 -2.33 -1.99 -3.03 -1.29 -2.25 -4.49 -2.41 -0.54 -0.73 -2.19 -1.51 -1.72
1957 -1.28 -1.46 0.34 -1.07 -1.05 -3.32 -1.19 -1.98 0.29 -3.34 -2.84 -2.76 -0.73 -0.59 -2.16 -1.96 -1.64 -0.88
1958 0.64 -0.06 -1.35 -1.51 -1.74 0.52 -2.21 0.24 2.75 -0.21 1.05 2.70 1.41 -1.53 -0.48 1.20 0.07 1.23
1959 1.87 -0.33 0.66 -1.61 -2.13 -2.10 -2.50 -2.41 0.47 -0.57 2.06 0.08 0.23 -1.03 -2.34 0.65 -0.54 0.64
1960 0.01 0.60 1.87 -1.67 -3.34 0.20 -0.28 -2.76 -0.68 0.12 0.44 0.27 -0.16 -1.05 -0.95 -0.04 -0.43 -0.34
1961 0.27 -1.01 -0.89 0.40 -0.40 -1.53 -1.42 -0.82 -1.39 0.08 1.21 3.31 1.78 -0.30 -1.26 -0.03 -0.18 1.20
1962 2.82 -0.78 -0.56 1.99 -0.42 -2.81 1.57 -0.32 0.34 -1.94 -2.10 1.82 2.07 0.34 -0.52 -1.23 -0.03 1.88
1963 2.58 1.82 1.30 -1.05 -0.14 -1.41 -1.51 -6.63 -1.78 0.81 -0.14 0.82 -0.86 0.04 -3.18 -0.37 -0.44 -0.81
1964 -2.14 -1.25 -0.68 -0.17 1.00 -4.55 -6.37 -3.14 0.52 -0.12 -1.97 -1.84 -2.27 0.05 -4.69 -0.52 -1.73 -2.06
1965 0.02 -4.98 -1.42 -1.72 -2.69 0.08 -1.99 -1.85 -1.61 -1.14 0.38 -2.26 -1.01 -1.94 -1.25 -0.79 -1.60 -1.70
1966 0.51 -1.29 -3.78 -1.18 -3.31 1.86 -0.87 0.86 0.39 1.19 -1.12 -0.56 -1.35 -2.76 0.62 0.15 -0.61 -0.87
1967 -2.73 -0.75 0.56 0.12 -0.45 -0.58 0.32 0.07 -0.14 -0.12 -1.14 -0.70 -0.73 0.08 -0.06 -0.47 -0.46 -0.50
1968 -0.36 -1.13 0.21 -2.37 -3.82 0.12 1.17 -0.76 -3.34 -2.15 -2.72 -1.22 -2.14 -1.99 0.18 -2.74 -1.36 -1.66
1969 -3.83 -1.38 -0.19 -1.09 -0.25 -0.14 0.26 1.02 0.84 -0.24 1.58 0.12 0.67 -0.51 0.38 0.73 -0.27 0.12
1970 1.17 0.73 -1.52 -0.88 0.44 0.81 -0.11 2.84 0.02 -2.16 0.56 -2.05 -0.82 -0.65 1.18 -0.53 -0.01 -0.43
1971 -0.94 0.53 0.76 -0.13 -1.90 0.66 -1.30 0.37 0.00 -1.58 -0.44 -1.84 -1.76 -0.42 -0.09 -0.67 -0.48 -1.57
1972 -2.60 -0.83 -1.02 -3.23 0.19 -1.95 -0.92 -2.83 -0.54 0.01 1.24 -2.18 -1.01 -1.35 -1.90 0.24 -1.22 -0.32
1973 -1.00 0.14 1.75 -0.13 -2.20 0.72 1.68 1.64 -0.80 0.65 -0.73 2.49 1.60 -0.19 1.35 -0.29 0.35 1.61
1974 0.08 2.24 1.63 0.59 -0.13 -0.06 -0.23 -3.67 2.10 -1.17 -1.86 -2.16 -1.29 0.70 -1.32 -0.31 -0.22 -0.89
1975 -1.75 0.05 0.30 0.27 -1.63 -0.83 -1.93 1.78 2.41 1.63 -0.20 0.22 0.21 -0.35 -0.33 1.28 0.03 0.25
1976 -0.57 0.97 0.39 1.91 1.66 0.51 0.81 0.49 -0.01 -1.20 -3.56 -7.13 -3.56 1.32 0.60 -1.59 -0.48 -2.94
1977 -3.25 -0.31 -1.07 -1.06 -0.43 -1.26 -0.65 -1.06 0.97 0.53 0.31 -0.83 0.42 -0.85 -0.99 0.60 -0.68 0.30
1978 1.52 0.56 -0.06 -0.20 -1.50 0.37 -3.51 3.62 1.43 0.17 -0.60 0.77 0.69 -0.59 0.16 0.33 0.21 0.88
1979 0.68 0.63 1.44 0.66 1.82 2.74 2.74 0.76 1.29 0.76 -0.98 -1.79 -1.35 1.31 2.08 0.36 0.90 -1.71
1980 -0.57 -1.68 -2.82 -3.12 -0.16 1.38 -2.86 -1.66 -3.04 0.91 -2.92 -1.50 0.32 -2.03 -1.05 -1.68 -1.50 -0.20
1981 1.43 1.04 -1.78 -2.46 0.49 1.21 -1.41 -2.98 -2.58 -1.18 2.15 3.27 1.18 -1.25 -1.06 -0.54 -0.23 1.72
1982 -0.72 1.00 3.34 3.03 -0.28 1.36 -0.32 1.46 1.92 -1.93 0.16 -2.89 -1.84 2.03 0.83 0.05 0.51 -1.13
1983 -2.02 -0.62 1.01 0.25 0.77 1.27 3.07 0.97 -1.39 2.60 2.76 0.95 -0.55 0.68 1.77 1.32 0.80 -0.39
1984 -1.88 -0.72 0.11 1.10 0.46 2.14 1.73 -0.28 -0.25 -0.13 1.01 -3.21 -1.36 0.56 1.20 0.21 0.01 -1.10
1985 -1.14 0.28 -0.35 1.48 0.52 -1.01 3.89 1.11 2.41 0.56 2.31 1.60 -0.04 0.55 1.33 1.76 0.97 -0.23
1986 0.97 -2.69 -0.82 0.55 -3.32 0.12 -0.28 0.19 1.41 -0.60 0.16 2.81 -0.03 -1.20 0.01 0.32 -0.13 -0.29
1987 -1.56 -1.35 -1.05 0.17 0.63 -0.21 -1.32 2.63 -1.52 0.64 2.28 0.59 0.45 -0.08 0.37 0.47 -0.01 0.32
1988 -0.62 1.39 -0.09 1.83 -0.41 -0.93 2.39 0.19 -0.84 -3.99 1.70 2.62 1.40 0.44 0.55 -1.04 0.27 1.43
1989 0.84 0.74 1.54 0.34 5.33 4.31 2.39 -0.62 0.16 0.68 1.43 -0.23 0.73 2.40 2.03 0.76 1.41 0.82
1990 0.45 1.97 1.09 -2.51 -1.09 0.88 -1.02 0.58 2.78 0.64 0.34 0.23 0.31 -0.84 0.15 1.25 0.36 0.31
1991 1.77 -1.07 0.30 -0.18 0.77 -0.59 -0.94 1.90 -2.06 0.18 -1.16 -3.16 -1.43 0.30 0.12 -1.01 -0.35 -1.52
1992 0.87 -1.99 -1.81 -0.58 -2.00 -2.86 0.31 -0.35 -0.25 -0.31 -0.11 -0.13 -1.08 -1.46 -0.97 -0.22 -0.77 -1.22
1993 -3.60 0.48 -1.61 0.39 2.90 2.81 4.06 1.10 1.72 1.14 0.60 1.88 1.68 0.56 2.66 1.15 0.99 1.34
1994 0.78 2.39 0.29 0.68 -0.21 -3.18 0.31 4.59 -1.87 0.17 -1.28 1.56 1.69 0.25 0.57 -0.99 0.35 1.20
1995 2.39 1.12 -0.28 1.49 3.55 -0.81 -3.14 0.11 2.92 -0.29 1.17 3.03 1.39 1.59 -1.28 1.27 0.94 1.29
1996 1.22 -0.08 0.98 1.03 2.55 -0.23 -0.17 -1.82 -2.69 2.50 -2.49 0.69 0.85 1.52 -0.74 -0.89 0.12 0.96
1997 1.70 0.16 1.27 -0.39 2.60 0.21 2.93 1.58 0.36 -0.38 -2.33 -0.19 1.24 1.16 1.57 -0.78 0.63 1.18
1998 2.06 1.86 1.00 4.26 0.50 3.03 5.16 3.99 1.69 0.94 2.48 2.74 2.22 1.92 4.06 1.70 2.48 1.83
1999 2.45 1.48 0.66 2.66 3.96 -1.25 1.63 0.44 0.71 3.75 2.40 3.80 2.70 2.43 0.27 2.29 1.89 2.19
2000 2.20 2.09 0.67 2.02 3.80 0.99 0.84 -0.58 -2.82 0.74 -1.92 -2.51 -0.93 2.16 0.42 -1.33 0.46 -0.61
2001 0.34 -0.61 0.35 2.73 1.10 2.52 -0.27 2.37 2.73 2.50 3.25 2.10 1.87 1.39 1.54 2.83 1.59 0.72
2002 1.78 1.74 -2.75 1.43 -2.48 0.92 -0.97 -0.41 -1.27 -4.88 -0.65 2.32 0.69 -1.27 -0.15 -2.27 -0.44 0.34
2003 -0.51 0.26 -0.71 1.28 2.95 -0.12 2.73 1.44 -0.23 -0.11 -0.67 -0.80 -0.06 1.17 1.35 -0.34 0.46 0.09
2004 2.33 -1.70 0.53 1.68 2.14 2.63 3.93 -0.13 1.16 0.11 0.14 -1.33 0.39 1.45 2.14 0.47 0.96 0.36
2005 0.85 1.65 0.28 2.26 1.16 -0.07 0.48 1.13 0.44 0.25 -0.56 -3.50 -1.12 1.23 0.51 0.04 0.36 -0.42
2006 0.91 -0.76 1.67 0.20 3.43 1.80 2.53 -2.15 0.71 2.17 1.27 1.13 0.85 1.77 0.73 1.38 1.08 0.48
2007 0.10 1.33 -0.62 -0.18 1.67 0.73 -3.06 1.40 0.21 -0.42 0.25 3.44 2.35 0.29 -0.31 0.01 0.40 2.08
2008 2.31 1.29 1.28 -0.10 0.26 4.24 0.58 2.06 2.49 2.73 2.45 1.86 1.54 0.48 2.29 2.56 1.79 1.31
2009 1.86 0.89 0.63 0.44 1.04 0.56 -0.49 -1.12 0.90 1.82 -1.28 1.96 0.39 0.70 -0.35 0.48 0.60 0.59
2010 -0.04 -0.74 1.16 1.74 3.34 5.34 5.75 2.85 2.31 3.34 3.54 1.62 1.42 2.08 4.65 3.06 2.52 1.13
2011 0.40 2.24 0.25 0.96 4.13 1.45 0.40 -0.79 -2.03 1.70 -0.32 4.31 2.08 1.78 0.35 -0.22 1.06 -99.99
2012 2.87 -0.95 -99.99 -99.99 -99.99 -99.99 -99.99 -99.99 -99.99 -99.99 -99.99 -99.99 -99.99 -99.99 -99.99 -99.99 -99.99 -99.99
Last updated: 2012-03-05 (Jianping Li: ljp@lasg.iap.ac.cn)